Review Sheet /
Outline for Test #2 Extra
Help Tuesday 11/15 7:45
Thursday 11/17
3:20 Friday 11/18 7:45
Test Friday 11/18/11
Electromagnetic
Energy
All the energy from the sun differs by its wavelength
Short wavelength energy like ultraviolet and gamma is damaging to organisms.
Long wavelength energy is radio and microwaves.
Infrared energy is heat
Visible light is either absorbed or reflected by the Earth’s surface.
BE
Two paths of energy from the Sun:
Absorbed – absorbed energy is released as heat
Reflected – bounces off the surface and goes back to outer space
Light colored surfaces reflect energy.
Dark colored surfaces absorb energy and heat up.
Greenhouse effect:
A good thing: The atmosphere acts like the roof of a greenhouse and traps heat released from the earth. This is needed to keep the Earth a good temperature for life.
Carbon dioxide is the gas in the atmosphere that traps the heat.
A bad thing: If we keep adding too much carbon dioxide to the air by burning fossil fuels, the temperature of Earth will increase. This is called global warming.
BE ABLE TO INTERPRET THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT DIAGRAM
Three kinds of energy transfer:
Radiation- transfer of energy
through space. Example – Sun to Earth
Conduction – transfer of energy by direct contact (touching)
Example – Air touching ice becomes cool at the poles
Convection – transfer of
energy by movement of a fluid. Example -
the rising of warmed air and sinking of cooled air.
Air is heated by the ground below it. The air touching the ground is heated by conduction, then it heats and rises, then cools and sinks, creating heat transfer by convection.
BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN HOW AIR IS HEATED
Wind:
Wind is created when the surfaces of earth are heated unevenly. Some surfaces heat faster than others (sand vs. water). This creates areas of high pressure (cool sinking air) and low pressure (warm rising air). Wind happens when air moves from high to low pressure.
Wind is named by the direction it blows from. The wind vane points TO the direction the wind is blowing from.
An anemometer reads the speed of the wind.
Global winds
move the weather around the globe and blow over long distances. The prevailing
westerlies move wind from west to east across
the
Local winds affect a smaller
local area. Explain a sea breeze vs. land breeze.
Isobars connect areas of similar air pressure on a map.
High pressure air (thumbs up) brings GOOD weather : cooler, clear, dry
Low pressure air (thumbs down) brings BAD weather : warmer, wet, cloudy
BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN
HOW WIND IS CREATED and HOW IT IS NAMED
Water cycle: know the definitions and where to put them on a water cycle diagram!
Evaporation – liquid gains heat and turns to gas
Transpiration – evaporations from trees and plants
Condensation – gas loses heat and turns to liquid (clouds)
Precipitation – water returning to Earth in the form of rain, snow, hail, sleet
Run off – water runs over the ground and back into bodies of water
Groundwater – water infiltrates (seeps, soaks into) the ground where it is stored
Insolation – INcoming SOlar RAdiation starts the cycle and keeps it going
Energy source to start the water cycle: sun
2 ways water enters the atmosphere : evaporation and transpiration
2 ways water leaves the atmosphere: condensation and precipitation
3 places where water is stored: groundwater, runoff to oceans, frozen in icecaps or glaciers
Clouds:
Clouds form
when water evaporates from the ground , becomes water vapor and is part of the warm, rising air. This is called Condensation.
At higher
altitudes, the air cools, removing heat from the water vapor, turning it to
liquid droplets.
Clouds are liquid…NOT vapor (gas)